Skip to content

All Research and Data

The Tax Foundation is the world’s leading independent tax policy 501(c)(3) nonprofit. For over 80 years, our mission has remained the same: to improve lives through tax policies that lead to greater economic growth and opportunity.

Our Center for Federal Tax PolicyCenter for State Tax Policy, and Center for Global Tax Policy each produce timely and high-quality research and analysis that influences the debate toward economically principled tax policies. Our experts are continuously analyzing the day’s most relevant tax policy topics and are relied upon routinely for presentations, testimony, and media appearances on tax issues spanning every level of government.

Likewise, providing journalists, taxpayers, and policymakers with basic data on taxes and spending has been a cornerstone of the Tax Foundation’s educational mission since its founding. As we wrote in our first edition of Facts & Figures in 1941, “Facts give a broader perspective; facts dissipate predilections and prejudices…[and are] an important step to meet the challenge presented by the broad problems of public finance.”

View All Research     View All Data

All Related Articles

1272 Results
Capital allowances in Europe can impact depreciation in Europe and capital investment and business investment in Europe

Capital Allowances in Europe, 2024

Although sometimes overlooked in discussions about corporate taxation, capital allowances play an important role in a country’s corporate tax base and can impact investment decisions—with far-reaching economic consequences.

4 min read
Real Estate Transaction Tax Rates in German States

Real Estate Transaction Tax Rates in German States

The real estate transaction tax is levied on the gross sales value of a property when it changes ownership, without deductions for investment or purchasing costs. This makes the tax particularly harmful to investment in buildings and structures.

3 min read
2024 sales tax holidays by state tax free weekends

Sales Tax Holidays by State, 2024

However well-intended they may be, sales tax holidays remain the same as they always have been—ineffective and inefficient.

11 min read

Patent Box Regimes in Europe, 2024

The aim of patent boxes is generally to encourage and attract local research and development (R&D) and to incentivize businesses to locate IP in the country. However, patent boxes can introduce another level of complexity to a tax system, and some recent research questions whether patent boxes are actually effective in driving innovation.

3 min read
2024 sales tax rates by state midyear July 1st 2024 sales taxes by state including local sales taxes

State and Local Sales Tax Rates, Midyear 2024

Retail sales taxes are an essential part of most states’ revenue toolkits, responsible for 32 percent of state tax collections and 13 percent of local tax collections (24 percent of combined collections).

8 min read
Tax Subsidies for R&D Expenditures in Europe

Tax Subsidies for R&D Expenditures in Europe, 2024

Many countries incentivize business investment in research and development (R&D), intending to foster innovation. A common approach is to provide direct government funding for R&D activity. However, a significant number of jurisdictions also offer R&D tax incentives.

3 min read
Sources of personal income tax return data as of 2024 Tax Foundation

Sources of Personal Income, Tax Year 2021

Reviewing reported income helps to understand the composition of the federal government’s revenue base and how Americans earn their taxable income. The individual income tax, the federal government’s largest source of revenue, is largely a tax on labor.

9 min read
vaping taxes by states, 2024 State Vape Tax Rates Compare State Vapor Tax Rates and State Vaping Tax Rates

Vaping Taxes by State, 2024

The vaping industry has grown rapidly in recent decades, becoming a well-established product category and a viable alternative to cigarettes for those trying to quit smoking. US states levy a variety of tax structures on vaping products.

4 min read
Carbon taxes in Europe 2024 data map

Carbon Taxes in Europe, 2024

23 European countries have implemented carbon taxes, ranging from less than €1 per metric ton of carbon emissions in Ukraine to more than €100 in Sweden, Liechtenstein, and Switzerland.

3 min read
2024 state beer taxes and beer taxes by state 2024 data map

Beer Taxes by State, 2024

Different layers of taxation on production and distribution combine to make up about 40 percent of the retail price of beer.

3 min read
Inflation and high interest rates affect business investment with long depreciation schedules capital allowances and capital cost recovery across the oecd 2024

Capital Cost Recovery across the OECD, 2024

To recover from the pandemic and put the global economy on a trajectory for growth, policymakers need to aim for more generous and permanent capital allowances. This will spur real investment and can also contribute to more environmentally friendly production across the globe.

31 min read
Tax Burden on Labor in Europe 2024 taxing wages tax wedge

Tax Burden on Labor in Europe, 2024

To make the taxation of labor more efficient, policymakers should understand the inputs into the tax wedge, and taxpayers should understand how their tax burden funds government services.

4 min read
distilled spirits taxes

Distilled Spirits Taxes by State, 2024

Newer products like spirits-based hard seltzers and ready-to-drink cocktails have fueled growth, while also blurring the lines of a categorical tax system. The result has been a spirited competition throughout the alcohol industry for market share, including calls to reform tax policy.

3 min read
Germany trade tax rates

Trade Tax Rates in Germany

Varying local trade tax rates impact business investment and local government revenue across Germany’s municipalities.

4 min read
State gross receipts taxes by state 2024

Gross Receipts Taxes by State, 2024

Gross receipts taxes impose costs on consumers, workers, and shareholders alike. Shifting from these economically damaging taxes can thus be a part of states’ plans for improving their tax codes in an increasingly competitive tax landscape.

7 min read
Digital services taxes in Europe by country 2024 digital taxes in Europe otherwise known as DSTs in Europe

Digital Services Taxes in Europe, 2024

About half of all European OECD countries have either announced, proposed, or implemented a DST. Because these taxes mainly impact U.S. companies and are thus perceived as discriminatory, the United States responded to the policies with retaliatory tariff threats, urging countries to abandon unilateral measures.

4 min read